Treatment of seventeen patients with various solid tumors with autologous CD4+ T cells engineered to express an MHC II-restricted TCR targeting the cancer germline antigen MAGE-A3 resulted in one patient with an objective ongoing complete response and three patients with partial responses of varying durations. All patients showed increased cytokine expression with limited toxicity. T cell persistence was related to initial dose, but no markers correlated with clinical outcomes.
Purpose Adoptive transfer of genetically modified T cells is being explored as a treatment for patients with metastatic cancer. Most current strategies use genes that encode major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted T-cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors to genetically modify CD8+ T cells or bulk T cells for treatment. Here, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of an adoptive CD4+ T-cell therapy using an MHC class II-restricted, HLA-DPB1*0401-restricted TCR that recognized the cancer germline antigen, MAGE-A3 (melanoma-associated antigen-A3). Patients and Methods Patients received a lymphodepleting preparative regimen, followed by adoptive transfer of purified CD4+ T cells, retrovirally transduced with MAGE-A3 TCR plus systemic high-dose IL-2. A cell dose escalation was conducted, starting at 107 total cells and escalating at half-log increments to approximately 1011 cells. Nine patients were treated at the highest dose level (0.78 to 1.23 x 1011 cells). Results Seventeen patients were treated. During the cell dose-escalation phase, an objective complete response was observed in a patient with metastatic cervical cancer who received 2.7 x 109 cells (ongoing at >/= 29 months). Among nine patients who were treated at the highest dose level, objective partial responses were observed in a patient with esophageal cancer (duration, 4 months), a patient with urothelial cancer (ongoing at >/= 19 months), and a patient with osteosarcoma (duration, 4 months). Most patients experienced transient fevers and the expected hematologic toxicities from lymphodepletion pretreatment. Two patients experienced transient grade 3 and 4 transaminase elevations. There were no treatment-related deaths. Conclusion These results demonstrate the safety and efficacy of administering autologous CD4+ T cells that are genetically engineered to express an MHC class II-restricted antitumor TCR that targets MAGE-A3. This clinical trial extends the reach of TCR gene therapy for patients with metastatic cancer.
Author Info: (1) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, St
Author Info: (1) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (2) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (3) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (4) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (5) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (6) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (7) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (8) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (9) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (10) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (11) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (12) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (13) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (14) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (15) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (16) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY. (17) Yong-Chen Lu, Linda L. Parker, Tangying Lu, Zhili Zheng, Mary Ann Toomey, Donald E. White, Xin Yao, Yong F. Li, Paul F. Robbins, Steven A. Feldman, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Stephanie L. Goff, Richard M. Sherry, Udai S. Kammula, James C. Yang, and Steven A. Rosenberg, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Pierre van der Bruggen, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; De Duve Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium; Christopher A. Klebanoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY.
