SLAMF7 is highly expressed in multiple myeloma (MM), but also in subsets of normal T, B, and NK cells. Gogishvili et al. engineered SLAMF7-CAR T cells from both healthy donors and MM patients that effectively targeted newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory myeloma in vitro and demonstrated complete resolution of MM manifestations after a single dose in a murine xenograft model (although MM eventually reemerged from anatomical sanctuaries). Subsets of normal B, T, and NK cells that were SLAMF7-/low were spared from fratricide and remained functional.
SLAMF7 is under intense investigation as a target for immunotherapy in multiple myeloma. Here, we redirected the specificity of T-cells to SLAMF7 through expression of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) derived from the huLuc63 antibody (Elotuzumab), and demonstrate that SLAMF7-CAR T-cells prepared from patients and healthy donors confer potent antimyeloma reactivity. We confirmed uniform, high-level expression of SLAMF7 on malignant plasma cells in previously untreated and in relapsed/refractory (R/R) myeloma patients who had received prior treatment with proteasome-inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs). Consequently, SLAMF7-CAR T-cells conferred rapid cytolysis of previously untreated and R/R primary myeloma cells in vitro Further, a single administration of SLAMF7-CAR T-cells led to resolution of medullary and extramedullary myeloma manifestations in a murine xenograft model in vivo SLAMF7 is expressed on a fraction of normal lymphocytes, including subsets of NK-cells, T-cells and B-cells. Following modification with the SLAMF7-CAR, both CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells rapidly acquired and maintained a SLAMF7- phenotype, and could be readily expanded to therapeutically relevant cell doses. We analyzed recognition of normal lymophocytes by SLAMF7-CAR T-cells and show that they induce selective fratricide of SLAMF7+/high NK-cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and B-cells. Importantly however, the fratricide conferred by SLAMF7-CAR T-cells spares the SLAMF7-/low fraction in each cell subset and preserves functional lymphocytes, including virus-specific T-cells. In aggregate, our data illustrate the potential to utilize SLAMF7-CAR T-cell therapy as an effective treatment against multiple myeloma and provide novel insights into the consequences of targeting SLAMF7 for the normal lymphocyte compartment.