Xie et al. used a vaccine strategy in which antigenic heterologous human/rat HER2/neu fusion protein, HuRt, was encoded and delivered via adenoviral vector to dendritic cells (DCs). Antigen-expressing exosomes purified from DCs were then transferred to a culture of Con-A-activated CD4+ T cells, converting them into antigen-presenting cells. The resulting T cell vaccine stimulated potent, HER2-specific antibody and CTL responses that had prophylactic and therapeutic antitumor efficacy, even in a setting of established HER2 tolerance.
DNA vaccines composed of heterologous human HER2 and rat neu sequences induce stronger antibody response and protective antitumor immunity than either HER2 or neu DNA vaccines in transgenic mice. We previously developed HER2-specific exosome-targeted T-cell vaccine HER2-TEXO capable of stimulating HER2-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses, but only leading to partial protective immunity in double-transgenic HLA-A2/HER2 mice with self-immune tolerance to HER2. Here, we constructed an adenoviral vector AdVHuRt expressing HuRt fusion protein composed of NH2-HER21-407 (Hu) and COOH-neu408-690 (Rt) fragments, and developed a heterologous human/rat HER2-specific exosome-targeted T-cell vaccine HuRt-TEXO using polyclonal CD4(+) T-cells uptaking exosomes released by AdVHuRt-transfected dendritic cells. We found that the HuRt-TEXO vaccine stimulates enhanced CD4(+) T-cell responses leading to increased induction of HER2-specific antibody ( approximately 70microg/ml) compared to that ( approximately 40microg/ml) triggered by the homologous HER2-TEXO vaccine. By using PE-H-2K(d)/HER223-71 tetramer, we determined that HuRt-TEXO stimulates stronger HER2-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses eradicating 90% of HER2-specific target cells, while HER2-TEXO-induced CD8(+) T-cell responses only eliminating 53% targets. Furthermore, HuRt-TEXO, but not HER2-TEXO vaccination, is capable of suppressing early stage-established HER2-expressing 4T1HER2 breast cancer in its lung metastasis or subcutaneous form in BALB/c mice, and of completely protecting transgenic HLA-A2/HER2 mice from growth of HLA-A2/HER2-expressing BL6-10A2/HER2 melanoma. HuRt-TEXO-stimulated HER2-specific CD8(+) T-cells not only are cytolytic to trastuzumab-resistant HLA-A2/HER2-expressing BT474/A2 breast tumor cells in vitro but also eradicates pre-established BT474/A2 tumors in athymic nude mice. Therefore, our novel heterologous human/rat HER2-specific T-cell vaccine HuRt-TEXO, circumventing HER2 tolerance, may provide a new therapeutic alternative for patients with trastuzumab-resistant HER2(+) breast tumor.
Author Info: (1) Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Canada; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. (2) Cancer Research, Saskatchew
Author Info: (1) Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Canada; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. (2) Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Canada; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. (3) Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. (4) Department of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. (5) Department of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. (6) Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. (7) Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. (8) Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. (9) Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Electronic address: jim.xiang@usask.ca.
