Author Info: (1) Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. (2) Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder,

Author Info: (1) Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. (2) Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. (3) Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA. (4) Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. jsonnenburg@stanford.edu. Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA. jsonnenburg@stanford.edu. Center for Human Microbiome Studies, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. jsonnenburg@stanford.edu.

Author Info: (1) Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. younessazimzade@gmail.com. (2) Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Div

Author Info: (1) Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. younessazimzade@gmail.com. (2) Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway. (3) Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. (4) Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. arnoldo.frigessi@medisin.uio.no. Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. arnoldo.frigessi@medisin.uio.no. (5) Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. a.k.luque@medisin.uio.no. Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. a.k.luque@medisin.uio.no.

Author Info: (1) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (2) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI United States. (3) University of

Author Info: (1) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (2) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI United States. (3) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, Michigan United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (4) University of Michigan Medical Schooligan United States. (5) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, Michigan United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (6) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, Michigan United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (7) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (8) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (9) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (10) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (11) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (12) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (13) University of Maryland, Baltimore Baltimore United States. ROR: https://ror.org/04rq5mt64 (14) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, Michigan United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (15) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (16) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (17) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (18) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, Michigan United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (19) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (20) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, Michigan United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (21) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, Michigan United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (22) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, Michigan United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (23) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (24) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (25) Cornell University Ithaca United States. ROR: https://ror.org/05bnh6r87 (26) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (27) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (28) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, Michigan United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (29) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (30) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (31) Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA United States. ROR: https://ror.org/02pammg90 (32) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291 (33) University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI United States. ROR: https://ror.org/00jmfr291

Author Info: (1) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (2) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Can

Author Info: (1) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (2) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (3) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (4) Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (5) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Houston, TX, USA. (6) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (7) Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA. (8) Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne UniversitŽ, INSERM, Universite Paris Cite, Equipe labellisŽe Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France. (9) Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA. (10) Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA. (11) Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA. (12) Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA. (13) Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA. (14) Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA. (15) Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. (16) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (17) Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA. (18) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (19) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (20) Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (21) Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA. (22) Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA. (23) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (24) Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (25) Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA. Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (26) Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. (27) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (28) Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (29) Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA. (30) Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (31) Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Houston, TX, USA. (32) Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (33) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (34) Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (35) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Houston, TX, USA. Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA. Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (36) Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne UniversitŽ, INSERM, Universite Paris Cite, Equipe labellisŽe Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France. (37) Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne UniversitŽ, INSERM, Universite Paris Cite, Equipe labellisŽe Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France. (38) Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA. Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (39) The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Houston, TX, USA. Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA. (40) Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (41) Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. James P. Allison Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (42) Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Houston, TX, USA. James P. Allison Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Institute for Data Science in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Center for Cellular Language Intelligence, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Author Info: (1) Department of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. tristan.courau@ucsf.edu. ImmunoProfiler Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. tristan.courau@u

Author Info: (1) Department of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. tristan.courau@ucsf.edu. ImmunoProfiler Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. tristan.courau@ucsf.edu. CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. tristan.courau@ucsf.edu. (2) CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (3) ImmunoProfiler Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (4) CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (5) Department of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. ImmunoProfiler Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (6) Department of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. ImmunoProfiler Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (7) Department of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. ImmunoProfiler Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (8) Department of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. ImmunoProfiler Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (9) Department of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. ImmunoProfiler Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (10) CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (11) CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (12) Department of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. ImmunoProfiler Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (13) Department of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. ImmunoProfiler Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (14) CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (15) CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (16) Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA. (17) Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA. (18) The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA. (19) The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA. (20) The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA. (21) The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA. (22) CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (23) Department of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. ImmunoProfiler Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. (24) Department of Pathology and ImmunoX Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. max.krummel@ucsf.edu. ImmunoProfiler Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. max.krummel@ucsf.edu.

Author Info: 1Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.

Author Info: 1Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.

Author Info: 1UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 2Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 3Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC,

Author Info: 1UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 2Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 3Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 4UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. xiaosongw@pitt.edu. 5Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. xiaosongw@pitt.edu.

Author Info: 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. 2Department of Bioengineering, Stanfo

Author Info: 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. 2Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. 4Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. 5Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-the James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. 6Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. 7Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. 8Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. 9Section of Computational Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. 10Siteman Cancer Center at WashU Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Author Info: 1University of Minnesota Minneapolis United States. 2Caris Life Sciences (United States) Irving, Texas United States. 3University of Minnesota Cancer Center Minneapolis United Stat

Author Info: 1University of Minnesota Minneapolis United States. 2Caris Life Sciences (United States) Irving, Texas United States. 3University of Minnesota Cancer Center Minneapolis United States. 4Caris Life Sciences (United States) Phoenix, AZ United States. 5University of Minnesota Minnesota, MN United States. 6University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota United States. 7Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN United States. 8University of Chicago Chicago, IL United States. 9Caris Life Sciences (United States) Los Angeles, CA United States. 10University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN United States.

Author Info: (1) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (2) Sidney

Author Info: (1) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (2) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (3) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (4) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (5) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (6) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (7) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (8) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (9) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (10) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (11) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (12) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (13) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (14) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (15) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (16) F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland. (17) F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland. Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA. (18) Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA. (19) Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA. (20) Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA. (21) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (22) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (23) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (24) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (25) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (26) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (27) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. (28) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA mark.yarchoan@jhmi.edu mnakaza2@jhmi.edu. (29) Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA mark.yarchoan@jhmi.edu mnakaza2@jhmi.edu.