Ex vivo expansion of melanoma tumor infiltrating lymphocytes leads to a dominant exhausted T cell population with lack of memory markers
(1) Coppola G (2) Kerr S (3) Cha PC (4) Bersenev A (5) Olino K (6) Kluger HM (7) Sznol M (8) Weiss SA (9) Bosenberg MW (10) Kleinstein SH (11) Krause DS (12) Hurwitz ME (13) Katz SG
Sensitive detection of cancer antigens enabled by user-defined peptide libraries
(1) Manakongtreecheep K (2) Ctortecka C (3) Correa-Medero LO (4) Zhu T (5) Lippincott I (6) Lawrence GM (7) Howard A (8) Hernandez GM (9) Forman C (10) Duggan EC (11) Wilbrink MA (12) Verzani EK (13) Afeyan AB (14) Li J (15) Nesvizhskii AI (16) Oliveira G (17) Keskin DB (18) Ott PA (19) Clauser KR (20) Bakalar M (21) Sarkizova S (22) Hacohen N (23) Carr SA (24) Abelin JG (25) Wu CJ
(1) Manakongtreecheep K (2) Ctortecka C (3) Correa-Medero LO (4) Zhu T (5) Lippincott I (6) Lawrence GM (7) Howard A (8) Hernandez GM (9) Forman C (10) Duggan EC (11) Wilbrink MA (12) Verzani EK (13) Afeyan AB (14) Li J (15) Nesvizhskii AI (16) Oliveira G (17) Keskin DB (18) Ott PA (19) Clauser KR (20) Bakalar M (21) Sarkizova S (22) Hacohen N (23) Carr SA (24) Abelin JG (25) Wu CJ
Author Info: (1) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. (2) Broad Institute of MIT and H

Author Info: (1) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. (2) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. (3) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. (4) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. (5) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. (6) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. (7) Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. (8) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. (9) Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. (10) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. (11) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. (12) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. (13) Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. (14) Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. (15) Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. (16) Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. (17) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark. (18) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. (19) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. (20) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. (21) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. (22) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. nhacohen@broadinstitute.org. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. nhacohen@broadinstitute.org. Massachusetts General Hospital, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Boston, MA, USA. nhacohen@broadinstitute.org. (23) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. scarr@broad.mit.edu. (24) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. jabelin@broadinstitute.org. Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. jabelin@broadinstitute.org. (25) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. catherine_wu@dfci.harvard.edu. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. catherine_wu@dfci.harvard.edu. Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. catherine_wu@dfci.harvard.edu.

Citation: Nat Biotechnol 2026 Feb 9 Epub02/09/2026
Link to PUBMED: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41663542
Tags:
Transcription factor Etv3 controls the tolerogenic function of dendritic cells
(1) Adams NM (2) Martinez-Krams D (3) Esteva E (4) Ra AC (5) Alexiou AI (6) Jin H (7) Yun TJ (8) Tellaoui RS (9) Mudianto T (10) Vollmer E (11) Novikova E (12) Tan Y (13) Huntley W (14) Krichevsky O (15) Dolgalev I (16) Izmirly P (17) Buyon JP (18) Moreira AL (19) Lund AW (20) Reizis B
(1) Adams NM (2) Martinez-Krams D (3) Esteva E (4) Ra AC (5) Alexiou AI (6) Jin H (7) Yun TJ (8) Tellaoui RS (9) Mudianto T (10) Vollmer E (11) Novikova E (12) Tan Y (13) Huntley W (14) Krichevsky O (15) Dolgalev I (16) Izmirly P (17) Buyon JP (18) Moreira AL (19) Lund AW (20) Reizis B
Author Info: (1) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (2) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New Y

Author Info: (1) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (2) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (3) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (4) Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (5) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (6) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (7) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (8) Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (9) Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (10) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (11) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (12) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (13) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (14) Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. (15) Cellular Analytics Laboratory, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (16) Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (17) Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (18) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (19) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. (20) Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Citation: Science 2026 Feb 12 391:eads1246 Epub02/12/2026
Link to PUBMED: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41678619
SLAMF6 as a drug-targetable suppressor of T cell immunity against cancer
(1) Li B (2) Zhong MC (3) Galindo CC (4) Dou J (5) Qian J (6) Tang Z (7) Davidson D (8) Veillette A
(1) Li B (2) Zhong MC (3) Galindo CC (4) Dou J (5) Qian J (6) Tang Z (7) Davidson D (8) Veillette A
Author Info: (1) Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montral (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Department of Medicine, University of Montral, Montreal, Quebe

Author Info: (1) Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montral (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Department of Medicine, University of Montral, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (2) Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montral (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (3) Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montral (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (4) Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montral (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (5) Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montral (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (6) Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montral (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. (7) Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montral (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada. (8) Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montral (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada. andre.veillette@ircm.qc.ca. Department of Medicine, University of Montral, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. andre.veillette@ircm.qc.ca. Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. andre.veillette@ircm.qc.ca.

Citation: Nature 2026 Feb 11 Epub02/11/2026
Link to PUBMED: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41673151
Mutant KRAS vaccine with dual checkpoint blockade in resected pancreatic cancer: a phase I trial
(1) Huff AL (2) Haldar SD (3) Gergis AA (4) Wang HH (5) Danilova L (6) Heumann T (7) Berg M (8) Wang Y (9) Andaloori L (10) Hernandez A (11) Longway G (12) Barrett B (13) Zhu Z (14) Davis-Marcisak E (15) Thoburn C (16) Leatherman J (17) Mitchell S (18) Lee JW (19) Shu DH (20) Konig MF (21) Mog BJ (22) Montagne J (23) Coyne EM (24) Bever K (25) Baretti M (26) Yarchoan M (27) Anders RA (28) Kagohara LT (29) Laheru D (30) Thomas AM (31) Durham J (32) Nauroth JM (33) Lu J (34) Wang H (35) Fertig EJ (36) Ho WJ (37) Azad NS (38) Jaffee EM (39) Zaidi N
(1) Huff AL (2) Haldar SD (3) Gergis AA (4) Wang HH (5) Danilova L (6) Heumann T (7) Berg M (8) Wang Y (9) Andaloori L (10) Hernandez A (11) Longway G (12) Barrett B (13) Zhu Z (14) Davis-Marcisak E (15) Thoburn C (16) Leatherman J (17) Mitchell S (18) Lee JW (19) Shu DH (20) Konig MF (21) Mog BJ (22) Montagne J (23) Coyne EM (24) Bever K (25) Baretti M (26) Yarchoan M (27) Anders RA (28) Kagohara LT (29) Laheru D (30) Thomas AM (31) Durham J (32) Nauroth JM (33) Lu J (34) Wang H (35) Fertig EJ (36) Ho WJ (37) Azad NS (38) Jaffee EM (39) Zaidi N
Author Info: (1) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins

Author Info: (1) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (2) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. (3) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (4) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (5) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (6) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (7) Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (8) Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (9) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (10) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (11) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (12) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (13) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (14) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. (15) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (16) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (17) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (18) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. (19) Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. (20) Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. (21) Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. (22) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (23) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (24) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (25) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (26) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (27) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (28) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (29) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (30) Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (31) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (32) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (33) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (34) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (35) Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. (36) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (37) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. (38) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. ejaffee@jhmi.edu. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. ejaffee@jhmi.edu. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. ejaffee@jhmi.edu. (39) Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. nzaidi1@jhmi.edu. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. nzaidi1@jhmi.edu. Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. nzaidi1@jhmi.edu.

Citation: Nat Commun 2026 Feb 10 17:1538 Epub02/10/2026
Link to PUBMED: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41667470
Flt3L-mediated tumor cDC1 expansion enhances immunotherapy by priming stem-like CD8+ T cells in lymph nodes
(1) Lai J (2) Chan CW (3) Armitage JD (4) Audsley KM (5) Huang YK (6) Derrick EB (7) Carstensen LS (8) Scheffler CM (9) Jones ME (10) Sek K (11) Principe N (12) Kim JS (13) House IG (14) Chen AXY (15) Yap KM (16) Middelburg J (17) Munoz I (18) Nguyen D (19) Tong J (20) Hoang TX (21) Todd KL (22) Evrard M (23) Chee J (24) Mackay LK (25) Forrest ARR (26) Parish IA (27) Bosco A (28) Waithman J (29) Beavis PA (30) Darcy PK
(1) Lai J (2) Chan CW (3) Armitage JD (4) Audsley KM (5) Huang YK (6) Derrick EB (7) Carstensen LS (8) Scheffler CM (9) Jones ME (10) Sek K (11) Principe N (12) Kim JS (13) House IG (14) Chen AXY (15) Yap KM (16) Middelburg J (17) Munoz I (18) Nguyen D (19) Tong J (20) Hoang TX (21) Todd KL (22) Evrard M (23) Chee J (24) Mackay LK (25) Forrest ARR (26) Parish IA (27) Bosco A (28) Waithman J (29) Beavis PA (30) Darcy PK
ABSTRACT: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) evokes antitumor immunity through the reinvigoration of T cell responses. T cell differentiation status controls response, with less differentiated cells having an enhanced capacity to proliferate after ICB. Given that conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) maintain precursor exhausted T cells (TPEX), we hypothesized that expansion of cDC1s with Flt3L could enhance responses to ICB. Here we show that treatment with Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) expands CD62L+SLAMF6+CD8+ T cells in the tumor through a mechanism that requires XCR1+ dendritic cells to traffic to the tumor-draining lymph node. The combination of Flt3L and anti-CTLA-4 enhanced therapeutic responses. Combination therapy is associated with the emergence of a CD8+ T cell subset characterized by the expression of Il21r and oligoclonal expansion of CD8+ T cells within tumors through a mechanism that is dependent on lymph node egress.
Author Info: (1) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vi

Author Info: (1) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (2) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (3) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. The Kids Research Institute Australia, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. (4) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (5) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (6) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (7) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (8) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (9) Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. (10) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (11) Institute for Respiratory Health, National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. (12) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (13) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (14) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (15) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (16) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (17) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (18) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (19) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (20) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (21) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (22) Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (23) Institute for Respiratory Health, National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. (24) Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (25) Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. (26) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. (27) Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA. (28) School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. jason.waithman@uwa.edu.au. (29) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. paul.beavis@petermac.org. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. paul.beavis@petermac.org. (30) Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. phil.darcy@petermac.org. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. phil.darcy@petermac.org. Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. phil.darcy@petermac.org.

Citation: Nat Immunol 2026 Feb 10 Epub02/10/2026
Link to PUBMED: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41667622
Persistent T cell activation and cytotoxicity against glioblastoma following single oncolytic virus treatment in a clinical trial Featured
(1) Meylan M (2) Tian Y (3) Wu L (4) Ling AL (5) Kovarsky D (6) Barlow GL (7) Nguyen LD (8) Pyrdol J (9) Marx S (10) Westphal L (11) Michel J (12) Gonzalez Castro LN (13) Dumont S (14) Santos A (15) Tirosh I (16) Suv ML (17) Chiocca EA (18) Wucherpfennig KW
Following clinical evidence that a single oncolytic virus treatment was associated with immune activation signatures, Meylen, Tiian, Wu, Ling, et al. analyzed tumor samples and found that pre-existing TILs expanded upon treatment, resulting in deep and persistent T cell activation against tumor cells. While viral remnants were restricted to necrotic regions, granzyme B+ CD8+ T cells embedded deeply into tumors, showed persistent activation, and were located in close proximity to apoptotic tumor cells. These T cell observations further and that this correlated with longer-progression-free and overall survival.
(1) Meylan M (2) Tian Y (3) Wu L (4) Ling AL (5) Kovarsky D (6) Barlow GL (7) Nguyen LD (8) Pyrdol J (9) Marx S (10) Westphal L (11) Michel J (12) Gonzalez Castro LN (13) Dumont S (14) Santos A (15) Tirosh I (16) Suv ML (17) Chiocca EA (18) Wucherpfennig KW
Following clinical evidence that a single oncolytic virus treatment was associated with immune activation signatures, Meylen, Tiian, Wu, Ling, et al. analyzed tumor samples and found that pre-existing TILs expanded upon treatment, resulting in deep and persistent T cell activation against tumor cells. While viral remnants were restricted to necrotic regions, granzyme B+ CD8+ T cells embedded deeply into tumors, showed persistent activation, and were located in close proximity to apoptotic tumor cells. These T cell observations further and that this correlated with longer-progression-free and overall survival.
ABSTRACT: A recent first-in-human clinical trial demonstrated that survival in glioblastoma (GBM) patients following rQNestin34.5v.2 oncolytic virus treatment was associated with immune activation signatures. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03152318). Here, we provide in situ evidence of ongoing T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells at late time points following single treatment, with deep and persistent T cell infiltration into tumor regions. Shorter distances between cleaved caspase-3(+) tumor cells and granzyme B(+) T cells were associated with longer progression-free survival following treatment. Pre-existing tumor-infiltrating T cells expanded locally upon treatment, correlating with longer overall patient survival. T cells with an early activation program closely interacted with tumor cells and were strongly enriched upon treatment. Viral remnants were restricted to necrotic regions, while T cells infiltrated deeply into live tumor regions. These data demonstrate that single oncolytic virus treatment can expand pre-existing T cell clones and trigger persistent T cell-mediated immunity against GBM.
Author Info: (1) Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. (2) Department o

Author Info: (1) Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. (2) Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. (3) Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. (4) Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Tumors of the Nervous System, Neuroscience Institute and Cancer Institute, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, USA. (5) Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. (6) Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. (7) Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. (8) Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. (9) Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. (10) Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. (11) Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), JRG Hematology and Immune Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany. (12) Department of Pathology and Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. (13) Department of Pathology and Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. (14) Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Tumors of the Nervous System, Neuroscience Institute and Cancer Institute, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, USA. (15) Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. (16) Department of Pathology and Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address: suva.mario@mgh.harvard.edu. (17) Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Tumors of the Nervous System, Neuroscience Institute and Cancer Institute, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: eachiocca@mgb.org. (18) Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: kai_wucherpfennig@dfci.harvard.edu.

Citation: Cell 2026 Feb 11 Epub02/11/2026
Link to PUBMED: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41679299
TNF-⍺-mediated myeloid-instructed CD14+CD4+ T cells are associated with poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma
Spotlight(1) Marceaux C (2) Tarasova I (3) Batey D (4) Yokote K (5) Gayevskiy V (6) Jain R (7) Leiwe M (8) Choux L (9) Riley L (10) Ribera NT (11) Yang E (12) Hywood J (13) Christie M (14) Antippa P (15) Speed TP (16) Rogers KL (17) Phipson B (18) Asselin-Labat ML
Marceaux et al. performed spatial multi-omics analysis across clinically annotated LUAD and LUSC cohorts of NSCLC, and stratified it into lymphoid-, myeloid-, and mixed-enriched subtypes, independent of driver mutations. CD14⁺CD4⁺ T cells were enriched in myeloid niches and absent in healthy lungs. CD4+ T cells acquired CD14 from HLA-DR⁺ myeloid cells via trogocytosis, forming an atypical myeloid-instructed phenotype. TNFα signaling was enriched in CD14+CD4+ T cell-high tumors. The addition of TNF⍺ enhanced trogocytosis and CD14+CD4+ T cells formation ex vivo. CD14+CD4+ T cells represent a distinct T cell population associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC.
Contributed by Shishir Pant
(1) Marceaux C (2) Tarasova I (3) Batey D (4) Yokote K (5) Gayevskiy V (6) Jain R (7) Leiwe M (8) Choux L (9) Riley L (10) Ribera NT (11) Yang E (12) Hywood J (13) Christie M (14) Antippa P (15) Speed TP (16) Rogers KL (17) Phipson B (18) Asselin-Labat ML
Marceaux et al. performed spatial multi-omics analysis across clinically annotated LUAD and LUSC cohorts of NSCLC, and stratified it into lymphoid-, myeloid-, and mixed-enriched subtypes, independent of driver mutations. CD14⁺CD4⁺ T cells were enriched in myeloid niches and absent in healthy lungs. CD4+ T cells acquired CD14 from HLA-DR⁺ myeloid cells via trogocytosis, forming an atypical myeloid-instructed phenotype. TNFα signaling was enriched in CD14+CD4+ T cell-high tumors. The addition of TNF⍺ enhanced trogocytosis and CD14+CD4+ T cells formation ex vivo. CD14+CD4+ T cells represent a distinct T cell population associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC.
Contributed by Shishir Pant
ABSTRACT: The tumor microenvironment is composed of diverse immune populations that can either support anti-tumor immunity or promote tumor progression. Myeloid cells are major drivers of immunosuppression, yet therapies targeting them have shown limited success. To uncover mechanisms underlying myeloid-driven immune suppression, we performed spatial multi-omics analyses of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Independent of oncogenic driver status, tumors stratify into lymphoid-enriched, myeloid-enriched, and mixed immune-infiltrated subtypes. In tumor and adjacent non-malignant lungs, we identify myeloid-instructed CD14+CD4+ T cells. These cells arise through trogocytosis adopting an atypical phenotype. In lymphoid-enriched tumors, high infiltration of CD14+CD4+ T cells correlates with poor patient survival. Spatial transcriptomics reveal enrichment of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) signaling in CD14+CD4+-T-cell-rich tumors. Functional assays demonstrate that TNF-⍺ enhanced trogocytosis, promoting the formation of CD14+CD4+ T cells. These findings uncover a TNF-⍺-mediated mechanism of immunosuppression in the TME and highlight aberrant myeloid-T cell interactions as contributors to NSCLC progression.
Author Info: (1) Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Mebourne, P

Author Info: (1) Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Mebourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (2) Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (3) Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (4) Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (5) Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (6) Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Mebourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (7) Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Mebourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (8) Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (9) Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (10) Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (11) Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (12) The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (13) The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (14) Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (15) Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (16) Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Mebourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (17) Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Mebourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. (18) Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Mebourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: labat@wehi.edu.au.

Citation: Cell Rep Med 2026 Feb 9 102593 Epub02/09/2026
Link to PUBMED: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41666923
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells against the IGHV4-34 B cell receptor specifically eliminate neoplastic and autoimmune B cells Spotlight
(1) Cohen IJ (2) Bochi-Layec AC (3) Lemoine J (4) Jenks S (5) Bayat P (6) Kim KH (7) Zhao H (8) Ugwuanyi O (9) Stella F (10) Ghilardi G (11) Gabrielli G (12) McCuaig S (13) Iatrou A (14) Vlachonikola E (15) Karipidou M (16) Bouziani E (17) Espie D (18) Ramasubramanian R (19) Agathangelidis A (20) Bhosale A (21) Paruzzo L (22) Medico G (23) Kolar B (24) Bugrovsky R (25) Guruprasad P (26) Wang LP (27) Harris J (28) Arons E (29) Zhang Y (30) Pajarillo R (31) Kreiger PA (32) Day CP (33) Sahinalp SC (34) Wu CH (35) Santi A (36) Fulmer B (37) Cases M (38) Palmer MB (39) Porazzi P (40) Wherry EJ (41) Kreitman RJ (42) Tiacci E (43) Apostolidis SA (44) Behrens EM (45) Bhoj V (46) Sanz I (47) Inghirami G (48) Schuster SJ (49) Ghia P (50) Stamatopoulos K (51) Ruella M
Focused on key challenges of CD19 CAR T cell therapy, such as on-target/off-tumor healthy B cell depletion and antigen-negative escape and relapse, Cohen, Bochi-Layec and Lemoine et al. developed CAR T cells targeting the BCR-carrying IGHV-34 (CART4-34), which is highly enriched in B cell cancers, SLE, and other autoimmune diseases. CART4-34 potently killed malignant B cells and pathogenic B cells in SLE ex vivo, while sparing normal IGHV-34-negative B cells. In preclinical models, CART4-34 showed robust expansion and antitumor activity, comparable to CART19, but was associated with reduced antigen-negative escape following treatment.
Contributed by Katherine Turner
(1) Cohen IJ (2) Bochi-Layec AC (3) Lemoine J (4) Jenks S (5) Bayat P (6) Kim KH (7) Zhao H (8) Ugwuanyi O (9) Stella F (10) Ghilardi G (11) Gabrielli G (12) McCuaig S (13) Iatrou A (14) Vlachonikola E (15) Karipidou M (16) Bouziani E (17) Espie D (18) Ramasubramanian R (19) Agathangelidis A (20) Bhosale A (21) Paruzzo L (22) Medico G (23) Kolar B (24) Bugrovsky R (25) Guruprasad P (26) Wang LP (27) Harris J (28) Arons E (29) Zhang Y (30) Pajarillo R (31) Kreiger PA (32) Day CP (33) Sahinalp SC (34) Wu CH (35) Santi A (36) Fulmer B (37) Cases M (38) Palmer MB (39) Porazzi P (40) Wherry EJ (41) Kreitman RJ (42) Tiacci E (43) Apostolidis SA (44) Behrens EM (45) Bhoj V (46) Sanz I (47) Inghirami G (48) Schuster SJ (49) Ghia P (50) Stamatopoulos K (51) Ruella M
Focused on key challenges of CD19 CAR T cell therapy, such as on-target/off-tumor healthy B cell depletion and antigen-negative escape and relapse, Cohen, Bochi-Layec and Lemoine et al. developed CAR T cells targeting the BCR-carrying IGHV-34 (CART4-34), which is highly enriched in B cell cancers, SLE, and other autoimmune diseases. CART4-34 potently killed malignant B cells and pathogenic B cells in SLE ex vivo, while sparing normal IGHV-34-negative B cells. In preclinical models, CART4-34 showed robust expansion and antitumor activity, comparable to CART19, but was associated with reduced antigen-negative escape following treatment.
Contributed by Katherine Turner
ABSTRACT: Current US Food and Drug Administration-approved chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies for B cell leukemias and lymphomas target CD19, which is widely expressed across the B cell lineage, often leading to on-target, off-tumor B cell depletion, prolonged immune suppression, and antigen-negative escape in a subset of patients. In contrast, B cell receptor (BcR) signaling is essential for the survival of most mature B cell neoplasms, and BcRs carrying the immunoglobulin heavy variable gene IGHV4-34 are highly enriched in B cell malignancies compared with normal B cells. Further, self-reactive IGHV4-34(+) serum autoantibodies are enriched in aggressive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. Here, we developed CAR T cells targeting the BcR carrying IGHV4-34 (CART4-34). We found that CART4-34 showed specific cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion toward IGHV4-34(+) malignant B cells. In addition, although CD19 was down-regulated upon relapse after treatment with CART19, IGHV4-34(+) BcR levels remained intact upon relapse after treatment with CART4-34, suggesting reduced risk of antigen-negative escape. In IGHV4-34(+) HBL1 cell line-derived xenograft mouse models, CART4-34 showed robust expansion and antitumor activity comparable to those of CART19. Optimized CAR:BcR binding using shorter CAR hinge domains improved immune synapse morphology and in vivo activity. In addition, we showed that CART4-34 could target human IGHV4-34(+) SLE B cells and deplete IGHV4-34(+) autoantibodies ex vivo, without targeting healthy B cells or affecting total IgG titers. In conclusion, we developed a CAR T cell product that specifically targets pathogenic B cells in lymphoid malignancies and SLE, offering potential for precision cell therapy for these indications.
Author Info: (1) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

Author Info: (1) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (2) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (3) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (4) Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. (5) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (6) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (7) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Surgery, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (8) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (9) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (10) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (11) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (12) Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (13) Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece. (14) Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece. (15) Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece. (16) Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (17) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (18) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (19) Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece. Division of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15772, Greece. (20) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (21) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (22) Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA. (23) LatchBio, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA. (24) Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. (25) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (26) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (27) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (28) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. (29) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (30) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (31) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (32) Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. (33) Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. (34) Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. (35) Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy. (36) Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (37) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (38) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (39) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (40) Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (41) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. (42) Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy. (43) Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (44) Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (45) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (46) Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. (47) Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA. (48) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (49) Medical School, Universit Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy. B cell Neoplasia Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy. (50) Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece. (51) Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Citation: Sci Transl Med 2026 Feb 4 18:eadr9382 Epub02/04/2026
Link to PUBMED: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41637528
Combined targeted and epigenetic-based therapy enhances antitumor immunity by stabilizing GATA6-dependent MHCI expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Spotlight
(1) Peng J (2) Yang J (3) Antonopoulou G (4) Fang R (5) Adhikari B (6) Vogt M (7) Wolf E (8) Sun C (9) Du S (10) Godfrey L (11) Gupta A (12) Trajkovic-Arsic M (13) Teichmann N (14) Grnwald BT (15) Krebs N (16) Steiger K (17) Mogler C (18) Althoff K (19) Wang X (20) Giglio G (21) Liffers ST (22) Savvatakis K (23) Braren R (24) Lawlor RT (25) Scarpa A (26) Behrens D (27) Lang KS (28) Cheung PF (29) Siveke JT
Peng, Yang, Antonopoulou, et al. found that in human PDAC, high expression of GATA6 correlated with increased MHC-I expression, immune cell infiltration, and interactions with CD8+ T cells. In murine tumor lines, MEK inhibition (MEKi) further increased MHC-I expression in GATA6high tumor cells, leading to enhanced T cell cytotoxicity against them, while GATA6 knockout or degradation abrogated this effect. In vivo, high GATA6 expression was required for MEKi-induced tumor control, but long-term treatment reduced GATA6+ cells and increased immunosuppressive EMT, which could be overcome by combining MEKi with HDAC inhibitors.
Contributed by Lauren Hitchings
(1) Peng J (2) Yang J (3) Antonopoulou G (4) Fang R (5) Adhikari B (6) Vogt M (7) Wolf E (8) Sun C (9) Du S (10) Godfrey L (11) Gupta A (12) Trajkovic-Arsic M (13) Teichmann N (14) Grnwald BT (15) Krebs N (16) Steiger K (17) Mogler C (18) Althoff K (19) Wang X (20) Giglio G (21) Liffers ST (22) Savvatakis K (23) Braren R (24) Lawlor RT (25) Scarpa A (26) Behrens D (27) Lang KS (28) Cheung PF (29) Siveke JT
Peng, Yang, Antonopoulou, et al. found that in human PDAC, high expression of GATA6 correlated with increased MHC-I expression, immune cell infiltration, and interactions with CD8+ T cells. In murine tumor lines, MEK inhibition (MEKi) further increased MHC-I expression in GATA6high tumor cells, leading to enhanced T cell cytotoxicity against them, while GATA6 knockout or degradation abrogated this effect. In vivo, high GATA6 expression was required for MEKi-induced tumor control, but long-term treatment reduced GATA6+ cells and increased immunosuppressive EMT, which could be overcome by combining MEKi with HDAC inhibitors.
Contributed by Lauren Hitchings
ABSTRACT: GATA6 promotes epithelial phenotypes and limits epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we show that GATA6 defines a tumor cell state that induces MHCI expression and anti-tumor cytotoxicity upon therapy. In human PDAC, GATA6 expression correlates with immune cell infiltration, and spatial analysis reveals interaction between GATA6(+) tumor cells and CD8(+) T cells. In murine PDAC, MEK inhibition (MEKi) enriches antigenicity-related gene sets in GATA6(high) cells, while GATA6 knockout or degradation impairs MEKi-induced MHCI upregulation. High-GATA6 tumors respond to MEKi with increased MHCI, enhancing T-cell cytotoxicity, whereas GATA6 loss abolishes this effect. Treatment-induced EMT reduces GATA6(+) populations and MHCI expression, which is restored by combining MEKi with HDAC inhibitors, enhancing GATA6(+) tumor cells, MHCI, CD8(+) T cell infiltration, tumor suppression, and survival. These findings suggest that therapeutic strategies promoting a GATA6-driven tumor cell state improve immune recognition of PDAC cells and potentiate anti-tumor cytotoxic effects.
Author Info: (1) Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy (BIT) and Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University

Author Info: (1) Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy (BIT) and Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. (2) Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy (BIT) and Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. (3) Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy (BIT) and Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. (4) Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy (BIT) and Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. (5) Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. (6) Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. (7) Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. (8) Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. (9) Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. (10) Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy (BIT) and Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. (11) Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitt Mnchen, Munich, Germany. (12) Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy (BIT) and Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. (13) Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitt Mnchen, Munich, Germany. (14) German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. Department of Urology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. (15) German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. Department of Urology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. (16) Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany. (17) Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany. (18) Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy (BIT) and Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. (19) Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy (BIT) and Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. (20) Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy (BIT) and Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. (21) Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy (BIT) and Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. (22) Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy (BIT) and Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. (23) German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany. School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. (24) Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy. (25) ARC-Net Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy. Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. (26) EPO - Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany. (27) Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. (28) Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy (BIT) and Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. f.cheung@dkfz-heidelberg.de. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. f.cheung@dkfz-heidelberg.de. Spatiotemporal tumor heterogeneity, DKTK, partner site Essen, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. f.cheung@dkfz-heidelberg.de. (29) Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy (BIT) and Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology (DKTK), West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. j.siveke@dkfz.de. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. j.siveke@dkfz.de. National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) West, Campus Essen, Essen, Germany. j.siveke@dkfz.de.

Citation: Nat Commun 2026 Feb 6 17:1476 Epub02/06/2026
Link to PUBMED: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41651844
