CD Markers
Search our extensive database of CD Markers.
CD209/CD209a (DC-SIGN) #
Alternative names: CLEC4L, CDSIGN, CIRE
In humans and in mice, CD209 can be found on the surface of: dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes, endothelial cells
Ligands and associated molecules: CD102 (ICAM-2), CD50 (ICAM-3), mannose glycoproteins on pathogens including HIV gp120
Function: antigen endocytosis and degradation, dendritic cell migration, T cell activation, HIV receptor, pathogen receptor
Additional information: CD209, also known as dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), binds to CD50 to stimulate T cell proliferation. CD209 expression is upregulated by IL-4 during monocyte-to-dendritic cell differentiation. By interacting with CD102, CD209 facilitates dendritic cell migration into tissues. Furthermore, CD209 binds mannose glycoproteins found on the surface of bacterial and viral pathogens, initiating antigen endocytosis and degradation. By binding to CD209 on mucosal dendritic cells, HIV is transported to secondary lymphoid organs, where it can efficiently infect CD4+ T cells. CD209 similarly facilitates hepatitis C virus dissemination.
Further reading:
- DC-SIGN (CD209) Expression Is IL-4 Dependent and Is Negatively Regulated by IFN, TGF-β, and Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Miguel Relloso M, et al. Journal of Immunology (2002)
- DC-SIGN, a Dendritic Cell-specific HIV-1-Binding Protein that Enhances trans-Infection of T cells. Geijtenbeek TBH, et al. Cell (2000)
CD212 (IL-12Rβ1) #
Alternative names: Interleukin-12 receptor β1 chain, CD212b1
CD212 can be found on the surface of:
- Human: T cells, B cells, NK cells
- Murine: T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, macrophages/monocytes
Ligands: IL-12, IL-23
Associated molecules: IL-12Rβ2, IL-23R, Tyk2
Function: IL-12 and IL-23 receptor, signal transduction
Additional information: On its own, CD212 is a low-affinity receptor for IL-12. When CD212 associates with IL-12Rβ2, it becomes a high-affinity receptor for IL-12. The IL-12/IL-12R pathway is critical for IFNγ production and subsequent immune activation, including NK cell activation and Th1 cell differentiation. When IL-12 binds to the receptor, CD212 associates with Tyk2 while IL-12Rβ2 associates with JAK2 as part of the signaling pathway. CD212 is also a receptor for IL-23 which is a cytokine involved in inflammation and Th17 immunity.
CD215 (IL-15R) #
Alternative names: IL15RA
In humans and in mice, CD215 can be found on the surface of: T cells, B cells
Ligands: IL-15
Associated molecules: CD132, CD122
Function: Receptor for interleukin 15
Additional information: CD215 interacts with CD132 and CD122 to form the receptor for IL-15. IL-15 is critical for formation and survival of CD8+ memory cells.
CD218a (IL-18Rα) #
Alternative names: Interleukin 18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1), IL-18Ra, IL1 receptor-related protein (IL-1Rrp), IL-R5, CDw218a
In humans and in mice, CD218a can be found on the surface of: T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, granulocytes, endothelial cells
Ligands: IL-18
Associated molecules: CD218b
Function: promoting Th1 and Th2 inflammatory responses
Additional information: CD218a associates with CD218b to create the receptor for the cytokine IL-18. CD218a on its own has a low affinity for IL-18, but associates with CD218b, forming a high-affinity receptor. The IL-18 signal transduction pathway is critical for the production and release of various cytokines and expression of adhesion molecules involved in the Th1 and Th2 inflammatory response.
Further reading:
CD218b (IL-18Rβ) #
Alternative names: IL18RAP, IL-1R7, CDw218b
CD218b can be found on the surface of:
- Human: T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, granulocytes
- Murine: T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes, endothelial cells
Ligands: IL-18
Associated molecules: CD218a
Function: Receptor for IL-18
Additional information: CD218b associates with CD218a to form the heterodimeric receptor for IL-18. CD218b is the signal-transducing chain of the receptor complex, whereas CD128a is the ligand-binding chain. CD218a has a low affinity to IL-18, but when associated with CD218b, the binding affinity is increased. The IL-18 signal pathway is critical for the production and release of various cytokines and expression of adhesion molecules involved in the Th1 and Th2 inflammatory response.
Further reading:
CD226 #
Alternative names: DNAM-1, PTA-1, TLiSA-1
In humans and in mice, CD226 can be found on the surface of: T cells, B cells, NK cells, precursor cells, macrophages/monocytes, platelets
Ligands: CD112, CD155, phosphorylated LFA-1
Associated molecules: CD96, TIGIT, CRTAM
Function: cell adhesion, T cell and NK cell activation, platelet adhesion/activation
Additional information: CD226 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. With its adhesive properties, CD226 promotes the migration of CD8+ T cells to inflammatory sites and mediates the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of CD8+ T cells. Together with CD96, TIGIT, and CRTAM, CD226 is involved in the regulation of NK cell function. Cross-linking of CD226 on platelets facilitates platelet activation. CD226 mediates platelet and megakaryocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells.
Further reading:
CD244 #
Alternative names: 2B4, NAIL, NKR2B4, SLAMF4, Nmrk, Ly90, C9.1
CD244 can be found on the surface of:
- Human: T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes, granulocytes
- Murine: NK cells, dendritic cells
Ligands: CD48
Associated molecules: SHD1A/SAP, SH2D1B/EAT-2
Function: NK cell/T cell interaction, NK cell activation
Additional information: CD244 is part of the SLAM receptor family. Activation of CD244 through interaction withCD48 on neighboring cells stimulates NK cell cytotoxicity, IFNγ production and granule exocytosis. CD244 can act as a costimulatory molecule and modulate other receptor–ligand interactions, such as NCR3 and NCR1, to enhance NK cell activation. Expression of CD244 during early stages of NK cell differentiation may decrease cytotoxicity to promote self-tolerance. On the surface of dendritic cells, CD244 limits the inflammatory response. CD244 also regulates CD8+ T cell proliferation and provides costimulatory signals for neighboring T cells.
