CD Markers
Search our extensive database of CD Markers.
CD152 (CTLA-4) #
Alternative names: Ly-56
In humans and mice, CD152 can be found on the surface of: activated T cells, regulatory T cells, activated B cells
Function: T cell inhibition
Ligands: CD80 and CD86
Associated molecules: PI3-kinase, PTP1D
Additional information: CD152 is constitutively expressed at high levels on the surface of regulatory T cells, and transiently upregulated on the surface of activated T cells. CD152 is homologous to CD28, and both bind to CD80 and CD86, though CD152 has higher affinity. Through interaction with CD80 or CD86 on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, CD152 plays a crucial role in regulating and preventing T cell activation against self-antigens, promoting immunological tolerance. Unlike CD28, CD152 transmits inhibitory signals to T cells, impeding cell cycle progression. Mutations in the CD152 gene have been linked to autoimmune diseases. CD152 is a target for the cancer immunotherapy drug ipilimumab (Yervoy). Yervoy blocks the interaction between CD152 and CD80/CD86, allowing T cell activation against cancer cells.
CD153 #
Alternative names: TNSF8, CD30L
In humans and in mice, CD153 can be found on the surface of: T cells, macrophages/monocytes, granulocytes
Ligands: CD30
Function: T cell proliferation
Additional information: CD153 binds to CD30 and initiates T cell proliferation. Research suggests that when expressed on B cells, CD153 prevents B cells from performing immunoglobulin class switching, or prevents recombination of the antibody heavy chain. CD30 is a surface marker for Hodgkin lymphoma and other blood cancers. CD153 is a pleiotropic cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family.
CD155 (Nec15) #
Alternative names: PVR, PVS, TAGE4, HVED, NECL-5
CD155 can be found on the surface of:
- Human: monocytes/macrophages, thymocytes
- Murine: T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes, epithelial cells
Function: NK cell adhesion, cell mobility, cell communication, poliovirus receptor
Ligands and associated molecules: CD226, CD96 (mice), Nectin-3 (mice)
Additional information: CD155 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Interaction between CD155 and CD226 facilitates transendothelial migration (migration of leukocytes from the bloodstream through cell–cell junctions towards danger signals). CD155 mediates NK cell adhesion and triggers NK cell effector functions. By interacting with CD226 or TIGIT on cytotoxic T cells, CD155 can either activate or inhibit a T cell response. In cancer, CD155 can mediate tumor cell invasion and migration.
Further reading:
CD161 (in mice CD161a, b, c) #
Alternative names:
- Human: NKR, NKRP1A, KLRB1
- Murine: CD161a — NKR-P1A, Ly55a
CD161b — NKR-P1B, Ly55b, Ly55d
CD161c — NKR-P1C, Ly55c, Ly59
In humans and in mice, CD161 can be found on the surface of: T cells and NK cells
Ligands: LLT1
Function: NK cell inhibition, T cell proliferation.
Additional information: CD161 is an early NK cell surface marker and correlates with cytotoxic function. Binding of CD161 leads to decreased cytokine production and NK cell cytotoxicity. In contrast, binding of CD161 in the presence of a TCR signal enhances IFNγ production by T cells. CD161 expression on the surface of T cells is associated with an increased sensitivity to proinflammatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-18.
Further reading:
CD162 (PSGL-1) #
Alternative names: P-Selectin-IgG fusion protein (in mice)
In humans and in mice, CD162 can be found on the surface of: T cells, B cells, monocytes/macrophages, stem cells, granulocytes
Ligands: E- (CD62E), P- (CD62P) and L-(CD62L) selectins
Function: cell adhesion, host–virus interaction
Additional information: CD162 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL-1)) is expressed on all myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Its expression level differs between cell types. Myeloid cells constitutively express functioning CD162, while T cells express a modified form that must be activated during T cell activation. CD162 plays a crucial role in leukocyte capture at infected tissue by mediating the tethering and rapid rolling of leukocytes on activated endothelium in the initial stages of inflammation. As the leukocyte flows at high velocity past the tissue, CD162 binds with E-, P- and L-selectins presented on the surface of the endothelial cell, which preempts attachment, rolling, and subsequent transmigration of the leukocyte into the tissue, where it may exert its effector functions.
Further reading:CD163 #
Alternative names: M130, GHI/61, RM3/1
In humans and in mice, CD163 can be found on the surface of: macrophages/monocytes
Ligands: Hemoglobin
Associated molecules: CSNK2B
Function: clearing of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes
Additional information: CD163 is a scavenger receptor and a marker for the macrophage/monocyte lineage. CD163 facilitates the clearing of hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes from tissues, playing an important role in preventing hemoglobin buildup and oxidative damage. CD163 expression increases on the surface of macrophages at the end of inflammatory reactions.
CD170 #
Alternative names: Siglec-5, Siglecf, Siglec9
CD170 can be found on the surface of:
- Human: B cells, dendritic cells, granulocytes, macrophages/monocytes
- Murine: dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes
Ligands: Gangliosides, Sialylated glycans
Function: cell adhesion, sialic acid-dependent cell binding
Additional information: CD170 mediates sialic acid-dependent binding to cells and can inhibit the activation of macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils.
CD172a (SIRPα) #
Alternative names: SIRPA, SHPS-1, BIT, MFR, MYD-1, P84, SHPS-1, SHPS1, SIRP
In humans and in mice, CD172 can be found on the surface of: dendritic cells, granulocytes, macrophages/monocytes, stem cells/precursors
Ligands: CD47, PTPN11
Associated molecules: SHP-2
Function: signal transduction, cell adhesion, macrophage fusion
Additional information: CD172a is a negative regulator of downstream kinase signaling cascades and binds to CD47 (the “don’t eat me” signal). By associating with SHP-2 after CD47 binding, CD172a negatively regulates the downstream signal pathways controlled by epidermal growth factor, thus reducing cell growth, migration, and transformation. CD172a is critical to preventing phagocytosis of self, promoting self-tolerance. CD172a is also involved in macrophage fusion, which leads to the formation of giant cells. CD47 binding prevents maturation of immature dendritic cells and inhibits cytokine production by mature dendritic cells. In various cancer types, CD172a expression is downregulated.
Further reading:
Molecular functions of SIRPα and its role in cancer. Takahashi S. Biomedical reports (2018)
CD177 #
Alternative names: NB1 glycoprotein, HNA-2a, NB1gp, Neutrophil-specific antigen 1, PRV1
In humans and in mice, CD177 can be found on the surface of: neutrophils, granulocytes
Function: neutrophil transmigration
Additional information: CD177 plays a role in neutrophil transmigration.
CD178 (Fas ligand) #
Alternative names: FASL, CD95L, TNFSF6, APT1LG1
In humans and in mice, CD178 can be found on the surface of: T cells, NK cells, granulocytes, endothelial cells, epithelial cells
Ligands and associated molecules: DcR3, CD95 (Fas), TNFRSF68, PTPN12, TNFRSF1A
Associated molecules: FADD
Function: apoptosis, signal transduction
Additional information: CD178 expression is upregulated upon T cell activation. Binding of CD178 by CD95 induces the Fas-mediated cell death pathway, which includes activation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), leading to apoptosis. CD178 plays a critical role in preventing autoreactive immune responses and in homeostatically regulating T cell and NK cell activation.
CD183 (CXCR3) #
Alternative names: CXCR3, gpr9, CKR-L2, Cmkar3, IP10, Mig-R, TAC
In humans and in mice, CD183 can be found on the surface of:
- Human: T cells, NK cells, stem cells/precursor, granulocytes
- Murine: T cells, B cells, NK cells, macrophages/monocytes
Ligands: IP10 (CXCL10), Mig (CXCL9), I-TAC (CXCL11), CXCL4
Function: cell adhesion, chemotaxis, leukocyte trafficking
Additional information: CD183 is preferentially expressed on Th1 cells. Upon chemokine binding, CD183 promotes T cell maturation and leukocyte trafficking to sites of inflammation (via integrin activation and cytoskeletal changes).
CD185 (CXCR5) #
Alternative names: Gpcr6, MGC117347, MDR15, BLR1
In humans and in mice, CD185 can be found on the surface of: T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes
Ligands and associated molecules: CXCL13 (BLC), CCL13
Function: cell migration, cell homing
Additional information: CD185 is a cytokine receptor. CD185 plays a role in lymphocyte recruitment and homing, particularly B cell migration. It is a surface marker for follicular helper T cells and is expressed in Burkitts’s lymphoma.
CD191 (CCR1) #
Alternative names: CKR1, CKR-1, HM145, CMKBR1, MIP-1ɑR, RANTES-R
CD191 can be found on the surface of:
- Human: T cells, stem cell/precursor, macrophages/monocytes
- Murine: T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, stem cell precursor, macrophages/monocytes
Ligands and associated molecules: MIP-1 (CCL3), RANTES (CCL5), MCP-3 (CCL7), MPIF-1 (CCL23), MIP-5 (CCL15), LD78
Function: chemotaxis, chemokine receptor, immune cell recruitment
Additional information: CD191 is a receptor for various chemokines involved in cell communication and the recruitment of immune cells to inflammatory sites. In mice, CD191 acts as a receptor for the HIV virus.
CD192 (CCR2) #
Alternative names: MCP-1-R, CC-CKR-2, FLJ78307, MCG103828, MGC111760, MGC168006, MCPs receptor
In humans and in mice, CD192 can be found on the surface of: T cells, B cells, macrophages/monocytes, granulocytes, endothelial cells
Ligands: MCP-1 (CCL2), MCP-3 (CCL7), and other MCPs, HIV-1
Function: chemotaxis, HIV receptor/coreceptor
Additional information: Binding of CD192 by its target chemokines facilitates monocyte movement from the bone marrow into the bloodstream and moves monocytes to injured or inflamed tissues.
CD193 (CCR3) #
Alternative names: CKR3, CMKBR3, CC-CKR-3, MGC102841, MIP-1aRL2, Cmkbr1l2
CD193 can be found on the surface of:
- Human: T cells, dendritic cells, granulocytes, epithelial cells
- Murine: T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes, granulocytes
Ligands:
- Human: CCL5 (RANTES), CCL7 (MCP-3), CCL11 (eotaxin), CCL26 (eotaxin-3), CCL13 (MCP-4)
- Murine: CCL3, CCL5 (RANTES), CCL7 (MCP-3), CCL8, CCL11 (eotaxin), CCL14, CCL15, CCL24, CCL26 (eotaxin-3), HIV-1
Function: chemokine receptor, chemotaxis, cell adhesion, cell movement, immune response, cellular defense response
Additional information: CD193 is a G protein-coupled receptor and receptor for multiple cytokines. Research suggests that CD193 plays a role during an allergic reaction, asthma, or parasitic infection by mediating the accumulation and activation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in the airway. In mice, CD193 acts as a receptor for HIV.
Further reading:
CD194 (CCR4) #
Alternative names: CC-CKR-4, CKR4, CMKBR4, ChemR13, HGCN
In humans, CD194 can be found on the surface of: T cells, macrophages/monocytes, erythrocytes
Ligands: MIP-1 (CCL4), RANTES (CCL5), TARC (CCL17), MCP-1 (CCL2), MDC (CCL22)
Associated molecules: Caf1 and Caf4
Function: chemokine receptor, cell adhesion, homing receptor for memory lymphocytes
Additional information: CD194 expression is greatest on the surface of Th2 cells, and is the primary chemokine receptor on Th2 cells. CD194 expression is upregulated following TCR and CD28 engagement on various T cell subsets. CD194 plays a crucial role in recruiting memory lymphocytes circulating in the blood to lymphoid tissues, specifically skin-homing T cells. CD194 associates with Caf1 and Caf4. Mogamulizumab is a therapeutic antibody targeting CCR4 that is approved to treat cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
Further reading:
CCR4 as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer Immunotherapy. Yoshie O, et al. Cancers (2021)
CD195 (CCR5) #
Alternative names: CMKBR5, IDDM22, CC-CKR-5, FLJ78003, AM4-7
In humans and in mice, CD195 can be found on the surface of: T cell subsets, monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells (in mice)
Ligands: MIP-1a and -1b, MCP-2, RANTES
Function: leukocyte chemotaxis, HIV-1 co-receptor
Additional information: CD195 regulates lymphocyte chemotaxis and migration through endothelium during inflammation. CD195 is a co-receptor for HIV-1.
CD196 (CCR6) #
Alternative names: BN-1, DCR2, DRY6, CKRL3, GPR29, CKR-L3, CMKBR6, GPRCY4, STRL22, CC-CKR-6, KY411, Cmkbr6, CC-CKR-6
In humans and in mice, CD196 can be found on the surface of: T cells, B cells, dendritic cells
Ligands: MIP-3a (CCL20), β-defensin
Function: cell migration, B cell maturation and differentiation
Additional information: CD196 plays an important role in the development of B cells from the stem cell to the mature B cell. It also plays a role in the differentiation of B cells from antigen-activated mature B cells to effector plasma B cells and memory B cells. CD196 regulates dendritic cell and T cell migration and recruitment to sites of inflammation.
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