CD Markers
Search our extensive database of CD Markers.
CD252 (OX40L) #
Alternative names: GP34, TNFSF4, TXGP1, CD134L
In humans and in mice, CD252 can be found on the surface of: B cells, dendritic cells, endothelial cells
Ligands and associated molecules: CD134 (OX40)
Function: T cell proliferation, cytokine production, costimulation
Additional information: CD252 belongs to the TNF superfamily and binds to CD134 (OX40), which is expressed on activated T cells. CD252–CD134 binding plays an important role in T cell proliferation and survival, promotes the formation of memory T cells, and induces polarization towards Th2. Surface expression of CD252 is upregulated in the presence of inflammatory signals. On the surface of activated B cells, CD252 enhances immunoglobulin secretion.
CD253 (TRAIL) #
Alternative names: APO-2L, TNFSF10, TL2, Ly81
CD253 is found on the surface of:
- Human: T cells, B cells, macrophages/monocytes
- Murine: macrophages/monocytes
Ligands: CD261 (APO2, DR4,TRAILR1), CD262 (DR5, TRAILR2)
Function: apoptosis
Additional information: Binding of CD253 to death receptors 4 and 5 (CD261 and CD262) induces cell death by activating the caspase-8-dependent apoptotic pathways.
CD254 #
Alternative names: TNFSF11, RANKL, OPGL, ODF, TRANCE
In humans and in mice, CD254 can be found on the surface of: T cells
Ligands and associated molecules: RANK
Function: dendritic cell maturation and survival, osteoclast differentiation and activation
Additional information: CD254 plays a critical role in the maturation and survival of dendritic cells, and in T cell-mediated immune responses. It also plays a role in osteoclast differentiation and activation, promoting bone degradation. CD254 activates the AKT/PKB pathway, which implies that it is involved in regulating apoptosis.
CD273 (PD-L2) #
Alternative names: B7DC, MGC142238, bA574F11.2, MGC142238, MGC142240, bA574F11.2, PDCD1LG2
In humans and in mice, CD273 can be found on the surface of: T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes.
Ligands: PD-1 (CD279)
Function: costimulation, inhibition, regulation of T cell proliferation
Additional information: CD273 interacts with CD279 to inhibit T cell proliferation and cytokine production, playing an important role in establishing immune tolerance and limiting autoimmunity. CD273 has also been shown to have immune-activating effects by inducing IL-12 production in dendritic cells.
CD275 (ICOS Ligand) #
Alternative names: B7-H2, B7RP1, LICOS, B7RP-1, KIAA0653, ICOSLG
CD275 can be found on the surface of:
- Human: T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes, granulocytes
- Murine: B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes
Ligands and associated molecules: CD278 (ICOS)
Function: costimulation, T cell and B cell activation, T cell proliferation
Additional information: CD275 (ICOS Ligand (ICOSL)) is part of the B7 family. Upon ligand binding on B cells, CD275 promotes B cell differentiation, activation, and antibody secretion. Upon ligand binding on T cells, CD275 promotes T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production.
CD276 (B7-H3) #
Alternative names: 4lg-B7-H3, B7RP-2
CD276 can be found on the surface of:
- Human: dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes
- Murine: dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes, T cells, B cells, NK cells, epithelial cells
Ligands: TLT-2
Associated molecules: ICOS (CD278), CD28, CD152, CD26
Function: immune regulation, immune checkpoint
Additional information: CD276 is a member of the B7 family. It shows limited expression in healthy tissue and is overexpressed in tumor tissues. Increased surface expression of CD276 is correlated with tumor growth and immunosuppression by cancer cells. CD276 is, therefore, a target for immunotherapy research. CD276 has conflicting roles in immune regulation, acting as a costimulatory or co-inhibitory molecule for T cells, depending on the context.
Further reading:
B7-H3/CD276: An Emerging Cancer Immunotherapy. Zhou WT, Jin WL. Frontiers in Immunology (2021)
CD278 (ICOS) #
Alternative names: MGC39850, AILIM, Ly115, H4
In humans and in mice, CD278 can be found on the surface of: T cells
Ligands and associated molecules: CD275 (B7-H2)
Function: costimulation, T cell development
Additional information: CD278 cell surface expression is upregulated upon T cell activation. Upon binding by CD275, CD278 induces T cell proliferation and the production of cytokines for Th2 differentiation.
CD281 (TLR1) #
Alternative names: rsc786, KIAA0012, MGC104956, MGC126311, MGC126312, TIL.LPRS5, DKFZp547I0610, DKFZp564I0682
CD281 can be found on the surface of:
- Human: macrophages/monocytes, granulocytes
- Murine: dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes
Ligands: Bacterial lipoproteins
Associated molecules: CD282 (TLR2) (in mice)
Function: activation of an innate immune response, recognition of bacterial pathogens, TLR2 regulator (in mice)
Additional information: CD281 is part of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. CD281 recognizes bacterial lipoproteins. Upon PAMP recognition, CD281 mediates cytokine production and signal pathways that activate the innate immune response against pathogens. CD281 has been shown to form a heterodimer with CD282 (TLR2) and to regulate TLR2 in mice.
CD282 (TLR2) #
Alternative names: Toll-like receptor 2, TIL4, Ly105
CD282 can be found on the surface of:
- Human: granulocytes, macrophages/monocytes
- Murine: T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes, granulocytes
Ligands: Peptidoglycan, Lipoproteins
Associated molecules: CD286 (TLR6), CD281 (TLR1)
Function: activation of an innate immune response, recognition of bacterial pathogens
Additional information: CD282 recognizes gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, and yeast, mediating an innate immune response to these pathogens via stimulation of NF-κB. In some cases, CD282 interacts with other Toll-like receptors, CD286 (TLR6) or CD281 (TLR1), to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
CD283 (TLR3) #
Alternative names: Toll-like receptor 3, AI957183
CD283 can be found on the surface of:
- Human: T cells, B cells, dendritic cells
- Murine: dendritic cells, granulocytes, epithelial cells
Ligands: double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
Function: activation of an innate immune response, recognition of viral pathogens
Additional information: CD283 recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from viral pathogens. Upon binding to the dsRNA, CD283 activates the NF-κB pathway and the production of Type 1 interferons, which promote inflammation and the initiation of the immune response against the viral pathogen.
CD284 (TLR4) #
Alternative names: hToll, ARMD10, Ly87, Ran/M1, Rasl2-8
In humans and in mice, CD284 can be found on the surface of: macrophages/monocytes, granulocytes, T cell subsets
Ligands: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Associated molecules: Ly96 (MD2), CD14
Function: activation of an innate immune response, recognition of bacterial pathogens
Additional information: CD284 is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. CD284, together with CD14 and Ly96 (MD2), recognizes lipopolysaccharides found in most gram-negative bacteria. CD284 acts via MYD88, TRRAP, and TRAF6, inducing cytokine secretion and activating the innate immune response against the bacterial pathogens.
CD286 (TLR6) #
Alternative names: Toll-like receptor 6
CD286 can be found on the surface of:
- Human: dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes, epithelial cells
- Murine: macrophages/monocytes, granulocytes, endothelial cells
Ligands: diacylated lipopeptides
Associated molecules: MyD88, TRAF6, CD282 (TLR2)
Function: activation of an innate immune response, recognition of bacterial pathogens
Additional information: CD286 forms a heterodimer with CD282 (TLR2) to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from gram-positive bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi, some viruses, and protozoa. Upon PAMP recognition, CD286 mediates cytokine production and initiates signal pathways that act via MYD88 and TRAF6, and activates an innate inflammatory immune response against the pathogens.
Further reading:
CD300a #
Alternative names: CLM-8, IRC1, IRC2, IRp60, IGSF12, CMRF35H, CMRF-35H, CMRF35-H, CMRF35H9, CMRF35- H9, IRC1/IRC2, CMRF-35-H9
In humans, CD300a can be found on the surface of: T cell subsets, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes, mast cells
Ligands: phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)
Function: regulate NK cell and mast cell function, NK inhibitory receptor
Additional information: CD300a is a member of a myeloid immunoglobulin family (CD300 family). CD300a plays a role in the downregulation of cytolytic NK cell activity. CD300a can limit inflammation by inhibiting the effect of eotaxin, IL-5, and GM-CSF on neutrophils. CD300a inhibits the IgE-dependent inflammatory reaction of mast cells and downregulates mast cell degranulation.
Further reading:
